[LibreOJ 2383][HNOI2013]游走

danihao123 posted @ 2018年6月27日 12:59 in 题解 with tags 概率与期望 高斯消元 loj HNOI , 579 阅读
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本野蛮人竟然没做过高消期望DP,,,泪,流了下来,,,

根据期望线性性,答案就是所有边的期望被走的次数乘上边的编号的和。一条边期望经过的次数可以根据他两个端点期望经过的次数来算(但是\(n\)要特判一下),要求所有点期望走过的次数当然就可以列\(n\)个方程然后高消力。然后期望走的次数多的边编号应该小,反之亦然,所以求完每条边走的次数的期望之后就贪心一下就好力。

代码:

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cassert>
#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>
#include <cmath>
const int maxn = 505;
const int maxm = maxn * maxn;
using R = double;
const R eps = 1e-9;
int sign(R x) {
  if(fabs(x) < eps) {
    return 0;
  } else {
    return ((x < 0.00) ? -1 : 1);
  }
}
R D[maxn][maxn];
int n;
void gauss() {
#ifdef LOCAL
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    for(int j = 1; j <= n + 1; j ++) {
      printf("%.3lf ", D[i][j]);
    }
    puts("");
  }
#endif
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    int r = i;
    for(int j = i + 1; j <= n; j ++) {
      if(fabs(D[j][i]) > fabs(D[r][i])) {
        r = j;
      }
    }
    assert(sign(D[r][i]) != 0);
    if(r != i) {
      for(int j = 1; j <= n + 1; j ++) {
        std::swap(D[i][j], D[r][j]);
      }
    }
    for(int k = i + 1; k <= n; k ++) {
      R rate = D[k][i] / D[i][i];
      for(int j = i; j <= n + 1; j ++) {
        D[k][j] -= D[i][j] * rate;
      }
    }
  }
  for(int i = n; i >= 1; i --) {
    for(int j = i + 1; j <= n; j ++) {
      D[i][n + 1] -= D[j][n + 1] * D[i][j];
      D[i][j] = 0;
    }
    D[i][n + 1] /= D[i][i]; D[i][i] = 1;
#ifdef LOCAL
    printf("E[%d] : %.3lf\n", i, D[i][n + 1]);
#endif
  }
}

int E[maxm][2], deg[maxn];
R tms[maxm];
void add_edge(int u, int v) {
  if(u != n) D[v][u] += 1.00 / (R(deg[u]));
}

int main() {
  int m; scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
  for(int i = 1; i <= n; i ++) {
    D[i][i] = -1;
  }
  D[1][n + 1] = -1;
  for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
    scanf("%d%d", &E[i][0], &E[i][1]);
    deg[E[i][0]] ++; deg[E[i][1]] ++;
  }
  for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
    int u = E[i][0], v = E[i][1];
    add_edge(u, v); add_edge(v, u);
  }
  gauss();
  for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
    tms[i] = 0;
    int u = E[i][0], v = E[i][1];
    if(u != n) tms[i] += D[u][n + 1] / (R(deg[u]));
    if(v != n) tms[i] += D[v][n + 1] / (R(deg[v]));
  }
  std::sort(tms + 1, tms + 1 + m, [&](const R &i, const R &j) { return i > j; });
  R ans = 0;
  for(int i = 1; i <= m; i ++) {
    ans += tms[i] * (R(i));
  }
  printf("%.3lf\n", ans);
  return 0;
}

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